Valve for internal combustion engines



March 5, 1935.

A. F. FABER, JR

VALVE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 25, 1934' 2Sheets-Sheet 1 V EN TOR.

IN fllbo-T' Fl 5, 799M641 Fm,

Faber Tr.

I ATTORNEY March s, 1935. 'A FABER, JR 1,993,155

VALVE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 25, 1934 2Sheets-Sheet 2 ENTOR.

Alberf E fiber Ji- ATTORNEY Patented Mar. 5, 1935 I N UNITED STATESPATENT'OFFICEM VALVE Iron INTERNAL ooMBUsTIoN ENGINES I V Albert FrankFaber, In, Brooklyn, N. Y. Application September 25, 1934, Serial No.745,395

14 Claims. (01. 123188) This invention relates to'internal combustionsage makes a short right-angle curve to comengines, and moreparticularly to the intake valves municate with the intake port. In thisdesign it of such engines, through which the combustible is of courseinevitable that the valve stem and mixture is taken into the cylinders.valve guide extend through'the intake passage 5 An object of theinvention is the provision of directly in the path of the incominggases. Be- 5 an intake passage of novel form whereby the vafore reachingthe intake port, therefore, the mixrious resistances to the inflow ofthe combustible ture must overcome the retarding resistances of mixture,inherent in existing types of intake pasthe aforementioned right-anglecurve and the sages, are minimized or eliminated. valve stem and guide.In addition, there is con- Anotherobject of the invention is theprovisiderable resistance to the flow of mixture into 10 sion of meanswhereby the combustible mixture the y due to the ee t i re S d isintroduced into the cylinder in such a manner rected downwardly againstthe back of the valve as to promote uniform and rapid distribution p pea d t i fOICedtO rebound nearly at rightthereof throughoutthe cylinder.angles in order to enter the cylinder through the A further object isthe provision of means p ni etw the Valve and Valve 16' whereby amaximum volume of combustible mix- The e a resistances described above 1ture may be supplied to the cylinder for any given erate to diminishconsiderably the rate of flow of valve opening and difference inpressures. This combustible mixture into. the cy nd r- In the featureofthe present invention is especially imvalve of the present inventionthese resistances portant in that it permits the use of a smaller aresubstantially eliminated, so as to permit of a 20 valve opening and/ ora shorter valve stroke, thus greater flow of mixture than wouldotherwise be permitting the development of higher compres possible underlike conditions of valve opening sion ratios than would otherwise bepossible. and pressure.

These and other objects, features and advan- Referring to Fi the numeral5 s at s tages will appear from the description which fol-'- a cylinderprovided with an exhaust valve assem- 25 lows, together with theaccompanying drawings, bly 6 of any suitable type and an intake valve inwhich: assembly, indicated generally at 7, designed in Fig. 1 is avertical section of the top portion ofaccordance with the presentinvention. The ina cylinder provided with the valve of the present takevalve assembly comprises a valve 8 provided 3o invention; a with a stem9, slidably mounted in a valve guide Fig. 2 is a fragmentarylongitudinal section on 10, a port 11 provided with a valve seat 12, andline 22 of Fig. 1; an intake passage 13 of volute form better illus-Fig. 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal section trated in Fig. 2. Theintake passage 13 is proon line 3-3 of Fig. 1; and v vided with a flange14 at its outer end, to provide Fig. 4 is a transverse section on line4-4 of for connection with the intake manifold of the 35 Fig. 1. 7engine.

Although the valve of the present invention is In carrying out thepresent invention, as in the adaptable to various types ofinternalcombustion case of intake valves generally, it is importantengines, it is illustrated as applied to an aircraft to reduce the valvestem 9 and valve guide to the engine of the radial type, and it isespecially minimum diametersconsistent with strength re- 40 suited toaircraft engines because of the neces-- quirements. However, in thepresent valve, the sity, in designing such engines, of securing thevalve stem and valve guide do not extend through maximum power per unitof weight of materials the intake passage 13, but the latter is curvedused, which in turn makes it desirable to proabout the valve guide, inthe form of a uniformly vide for the induction of the maximum volumediminishing volute. The valve guide and thepro- 45 of combustiblemixture into the'cylinders' with jecting portion of the valve stemtherefore are any given valve opening and difference of presentirely outof the path of the incoming gases, sures. and present no resistance totheir flow.

In most existing types of intake valves for Also, since a long, gradualcurve is substituted valve-in-head engines there are to be found threefor the shortright angle of existing valves, the 50 importantresistances to the flow of the combus-' resistance due to changing thedirection of flow tible mixture. It is a common practice to conisconsiderably smaller in the present design. duct the mixture alongapassage, substantially The volute intake passage 13 is substantially atright angles to the axis of the intake port, to circular incross-section throughout, and is tan-- a point directly-over the latter,where the pasgent to thevalve-guide, as shown in Fig. .2; and 55.

to the cylinder wall adjacent the intake port 11 (Figs. 1, 4) In itspreferred form, the volute intake passage is designed with uniformlydecreasing cross-section area, or flow area, although this practice maybe modified for reasons to be disclosed. The intake passage is open tothe port 11 through substantially the entire circumference of thelatter, as shown in Fig. 2.

It will be apparent from the foregoing description that the gasesflowing in through'the passage 13 will enter the cylinder uniformlyabout the circumference of the port 11 and in the form of a flat cone,that is, at only a slight angle to the plane of the port. Thus, the-gases'do not impinge upon the back surface of the valve 8, but flowpast it along lines substantially parallel therewith, thus substantiallyeliminating the resistance of the valve proper which exists in othertypes of valve.

The entry of the gases into the cylinder in the manner described, and asillustratedin Fig. 2, creates a swirling movement within the cylinder,aiding in the thorough distribution of the mixture within the cylinder.It has been determined by experiment with intake passages according tothe present invention that, even with the valve 8 entirely removed, thegases flowing through the passage 13 and port 11 will emerge from thelatter in the form of a flat, swirling cone, leaving a core ofundisturbed air.

And since the flow area of the volute intake passage decreases uniformlythroughout the circumference of the port 11, it is apparent that anequal inflow of gas will take .placeat every point on thiscircumference.

desired to introduce more gas on the upper side of the valve than on thelower, so as to equalize the distribution throughout. the cylinder; Thiseffect may be achieved, in designing thevolute intake passage, byreadjusting the flow area'ofxthe intake passage at. and near itssmallerend. If more gas is'to be put into the cylinder at the small end of thevolute, this can be accomplished by increasing the rate ofdiminution offlow area in that portion of the volute, thus forcing more gas into thecylinder at that point. ,If moregas is to be put into the cylinder-atthe large end of the volute, the small end of thevolute is made larger,so as to permita slower inflow at the small end, causing acorrespondingly larger inflow at the largeend. The present invention mayalso be employed in exhaust valve applications, although the eliminationof resistances is not so important in ex-- haust as in intake. While thepresent invention has been describedand illustrated as appliedto aradial-type'engine, it is readily, adaptable to other types of engines,such as thosecommonly employed in automobiles, etc., and may have manyother applications, in cases where it is desired to pass a fluid, eithergaseous orliquid through a valve.

The terms and expressions employed herein are used for purposes ofdescription and not of limitation. It is recognized thatmanymodifications of the construction disclosed may beinade within thescope of the present invention.

What I claim is:

1. A valve assembly for internalecombustion engines, comprising a valve,avalve guide,;a: port 75'; providing a seatfor said:valve,.and::a"v01ute passage communicating with said port throughoutsubstantially the entire circumference of said port.

2. A valve assembly for internal-combustion engines, comprising a valve,a valve guide, a port providing a seat for said valve, and a volutepassage communicating with said port throughout substantially the entirecircumference of saidport, saidpassage being formed with uniformlydiminishing cross-sectional area.

3. A valve assembly for internal combustion engines, comprising a valve,a valve guide, a port providing a seat for said valve, and a passagesurrounding said valve guide and communicating with said port, saidpassage being substantially circular in cross-section, eachcross-section through said passage being tangent to said valve guide.

4. A valve assembly for internal combustion engines, comprising a valve,a valve guide, a port providing a seatfor said valve, and a passagesurrounding said valve guide and communicating with said port, saidpassage being substantially circular in cross-section, each crosssectionthrough said passage being tangent to said valve guide and tangent tothe plane of the adjacent edge of said port.

5. In a valve assembly for internal-combustion engines, the combinationof a gas port and a volute passage communicating therewith.

6. In a valve for internal-combustion engines, the combination of a gasport and a volute passage communicating therewith, said passage beingformed with uniformly decreasing cross-sectional .area.

7.In a valve for internal-combustion engines, the combination of agas'port and a passage com municating. therewith, :said passage beingvolute with respect touthe' extended axis of said port.

8. In a valve for internal-combustion engines, thecombination of a gasportand avolute passage communicating therewith, the successivecross-sectional areas of saidpassage beingsuch as to'causegasesintroduced therein to flow into said portuniformly about itscircumference.

. 9. In a valve for internal-combustion engines, the combination of agas port and a volute passage communicating therewith, the successivecross-sectional areas of said passage-being such as to cause gasesintroduced therein to enter said port at predetermined rates varyingabout the circumference thereof.

10. A device' for introducing a fluid into a receiver, comprising aport-and a volute fluid passage. surrounding said port, said fluidpassage having a constricted communication with said portsubstantiallyabout the entire circumference thereof.

11. A device as defined in claim 10, in which thepassage is of circularcross-sectionand gradually diminishing diameter.-

12.-A=device as defined in claim 10, in which therelation between. thecross section of the constricted communication and the cross section ofthepassage is such as to give uniform delivery,

